Chapter 15 Our Environment

Question 1. Which one of the following is an artificial ecosystem?

(a) Pond

(b) Crop field

(c) Lake

(d) Forest

Question 2. In a food chain, the third trophic level is always occupied by

(a) carnivores

(b) herbivores

(c) decomposers

(d) producers

Question 3. An ecosystem includes

(a) all living organisms

(b) non-living objects

(c) both living organisms and non-living objects

(d) sometimes living organisms and sometimes non-living objects

Question 4. In the given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at fourth trophic level is 5 kJ, what will be the energy available at the producer level?

Grass ® Grasshopper ® Frog ® Snake ® Hawk

(a) 5 k J

(b) 50 k J

(c) 500 k J

(d) 5000 k J

Question 5. Accumulation of non-biodegradable pesticides in the food chain in increasing amount at each higher trophic level is known as

(a) eutrophication

(b) pollution

(c) biomagnification

(d) accumulation

Question 6. Depletion of ozone is mainly due to

(a) chlorofluorocarbon compounds

(b) carbon monoxide

(c) methane

(d) pesticides

Question 7. Organisms which synthesise carbohydrates from inorganic compounds using radiant energy are called

(a) decomposers

(b) producers

(c) herbivores

(d) carnivores

Question 8. In an ecosystem, the 10% of energy available for transfer from one trophic level to the next is in the form of

(a) heat energy

(b) light energy

(c) chemical energy

(d) mechanical energy

Question 9. Organisms of a higher trophic level which feed on several types of organisms belonging to a lower trophic level constitute the

(a) food web

(b) ecological pyramid

(c) ecosystem

(d) food chain

Question 10. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is always

(a) unidirectional

(b) bidirectional

(c) multi directional

(d) no specific direction

Question 11. Excessive exposure of humans to U V-rays results in

(i) damage to immune system

(ii) damage to lungs

(iii) skin cancer

(iv) peptic ulcers

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (ii) and (iv)

(c) (i) and (iii)

(d) (iii) and (iv)

Question 12. In the following groups of materials, which group (s) contains only non-biodegradable items?

(i) Wood, paper, leather

(ii) Polythene, detergent, PVC

(iii) Plastic, detergent, grass

(iv) Plastic, bakelite, DDT

(a) (iii)

(b) (iv)

(c) (i) and (iii)

(d) (ii) and (iv)

Question 13. Which of the following limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain?

(a) Decrease in energy at higher trophic levels

(b) Dufficient food supply

(c) Polluted air

(d) Water

Question 14. Which of the statement is incorrect?

(a) All green plants and blue green algae are producers

(b) Green plants get their food from organic compounds

(c) Producers prepare their own food from inorganic compounds

(d) Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy

Question 15. Which group of organisms are not constituents of a food chain?

(i) Grass, lion, rabbit, wolf

(ii) Plankton, man, fish, grasshopper

(iii) Wolf, grass, snake, tiger

(iv) Frog, snake, eagle, grass, grasshopper

(a) (i) and (iii)

(b) (iii) and (iv)

(c) (ii) and (iii)

(d) (i) and (iv)

Question 16. The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by all the green plants for the process of photosynthesis is about

(a) 1 %

(b) 5 %

(c) 8 %

(d) 10 %

Question 17. In the given Figure 15.1 the various trophic levels are shown in a pyramid. At which trophic level is maximum energy available?

(a) T4

(b) T2

(c) T1

(d) T3

Question 18. What will happen if deer is missing in the food chain given below?

Grass ® Deer ® Tiger

(a) The population of tiger increases

(b) The population of grass decreases

(c) Tiger will start eating grass

(d) The population of tiger decreases and the population of grass increases

Question 19. The decomposers in an ecosystem

(a) convert inorganic material, to simpler forms

(b) convert organic material to inorganic forms

(c) convert inorganic materials into organic compounds

(d) do not breakdown organic compounds

Question 20. If a grass hopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy transfer will be from

(a) producer to decomposer

(b) producer to primary consumer

(c) primary consumer to secondary consumer

(d) secondary consumer to primary consumer

Question 21. Disposable plastic plates should not be used because

(a) they are made of materials with light weight

(b) they are made of toxic materials

(c) they are made of biodegradable materials

(d) they are made of non-biodegradable materials

Question 22. Why is improper disposal of waste a curse to environment?

Question 23. Write the common food chain of a pond ecosystem.

Question 24. What are the advantages of cloth bags over plastic bags during shopping?

Question 25. Why are crop fields known as artificial ecosystems?

Question 26. Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances. Cite examples.

Question 27. Suggest one word for each of the following statements/ definitions

(a) The physical and biological world where we live in

(b) Each level of food chain where transfer of energy takes place

(c) The physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind and soil of an ecosystem

(d) Organisms which depend on the producers either directly or indirectly for food

Question 28. Explain the role of decomposers in the environment?

Question 29. Select the mis-matched pair in the following and correct it.

(a) Biomagnification — Accumulation of chemicals at the successive trophic levels of a food chain

(b) Ecosystem — Biotic components of environment

(c) Aquarium — A man-made ecosystem

(d) Parasites — Organisms which obtain food from other living organisms

Question 30. We do not clean ponds or lakes, but an aquarium needs to be cleaned. Why?

Question 31. Indicate the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Why is it unidirectional? Justify.

Question 32. What are decomposers? What will be the consequence of their absence in an ecosystem?

Question 33. Suggest any four activities in daily life which are eco-friendly.

Question 34. Give two differences between food chain and food web.

Question 35. Name the wastes which are generated in your house daily. What measures would you take for their disposal?

Question 36. Suggest suitable mechanism (s) for waste management in fertiliser industries.

Question 37. What are the by-products of fertiliser industries? How do they affect the environment?

Question 38. Explain some harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environment.